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First intermediate period |
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The first intermediate period was the name given by Egyptologists. It was the period between the end of the old Kingdom and the start of the middle kingdom during the ancient history of Egypt. According to the sources of history the 'downfall' of the old kingdom was with the end of the sixth or eight dynasties. The first intermediate period which is also abbreviated as FIP belonged to the seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh dynasties.
Speaking about Egypt, during the era of old kingdom there was abundance of wealth and prosperity. But soon river Nile became the cause of floods due to which most of the wealth was wiped away and there was poverty, hunger and death. The strong administrative power that binded the country together during the times of the old kingdom led to a chaotic situation where the country was divided into number of kingdoms. Most of these small kingdoms had independent kings all over Egypt. The institution of monarchy was dissolved due to the emergence of local governors and officials of each region.
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The first intermediate period is marked by the beginning of seventh till the twelveth dynasty which is called the Manetho. The seventh dynasty comprised of seventy kings of Memphis who ruled for seventy days. While the eight dynasty consist of twenty-seven kings who rules for a period of 146 years. The eleventh and the tenth dynasty were called Heracleopolitan which comprised of nineteen kings and they ruled for nearly 594 years. The eleventh dynasty is of Diospolite or the Theban origin
which consisted of sixteen kings who ruled only for forty-three years.
Most of the historians give information about the first intermediate period through the royal buildings and inscriptions. The end of the eleventh dynasty marked the beginning of the of the middle kingdom.
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During the first intermediate period there was absence of a central control but with its end, there was reappearance of a strong centralized authority having control all over Egypt. But the royal monuments and Egyptian texts are in very less number during this period.
During this period high taxes were being levied upon the common rule so this also led to the breakdown of rule. It is being said that during this period some of the pyramids and tombs of the pharaohs in Egypt adorned with precious jewelry were robbed off. This dynasty is called the intermediate period in the history of Egypt because during this period there was no strong of the central government and the main authoritative power of the country was divided into small groups.
According to the historians there were three "intermediate periods" which have been categorized as the the old, middle and and new kingdoms and the late period, and each period has undergone through a transition period. The loss of central power gave rise to various regional rulers due to which Egypt was overpowered by foreign rulers.
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