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Late period |
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The Late Period in Egypt is marked by the rise of the last native Egyptian rulers. The Late period follows after the Third Intermediate Period and ended with the beginning of the Persian conquests. The Late Period is also regarded as the period when the power of Egypt had declined considerably. The Late period has several dynasties. The 26th Dynasty which is also called the Saite Period began in 672 BC and ended in 525 BC. The 27th Dynasty was dominated by the Achaemenid Persians.
The 28th-30th Dynasties was when Amyrtaeus the prince of Sais ruled. This dynasty began in 404 BC and lasted till 398 BC. The 29th Dynasty of the Late period was controlled by Mendes and existed from 398 BC to 380 BC. The 30th Dynasty saw a series of three pharaohs ruling from 380 BC to 343 BC. The 31st dynasty was the Second Persian Period and is also known as the Achaemenid Dynasty.
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The Kushite Period or the Dynasty 25 existed from 728 to 656 B.C. when the Nubian kings ruled Egypt. They governed the pharaos in Egypt like the Libyans. The south had most of the impact of their control and the northern part was ruled by Bakenrenef, Tefnakht's successor for four years. Finally Shabaqo, Piankhy's successor overthrew him and Nubians took control over the whole country. This marked the end of Third Intermediate Period and the starting of Late Period.
The Assyrian empire posed threat to the Nubian control who finally invaded the country in 671 B.C. The Saite Period or the Dynasty 26 saw the withdrawal of the Assyrians and power was handed over to the Saite kings.
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For the next 130 years the native family of Dynasty 26 ruled the nation. The Persian Period or Dynasty 27 saw the Persian overlords adopting the traditional pharaoh title. They however ruled Egypt as foreigners. In the later years, many Egyptian kings challenged the Persian control. Dynasties 28–30 overthrew the Persian masters.
Nectanebo I became the first king of Dynasty 30. This period saw the construction of numerous temples and this work was done on even larger scale by Nectanebo II. The latter king managed to resist the attacks by the Persian in the 351 B.C., but in 343 B.C Egypt was conquered by Persians. In 332 B.C, Alexander the Great defeated these Persians. In the history of Ancient Egypt Nectanebo II was the last Egyptian king to rule the country till the next 2,500 years.
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