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The Nubians |
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There are many evidences which prove the existence of the Nubians in Egypt. The major evidence is provided by the Egyptian language of the classic Middle Egyptian phase. This is where the Egyptian attitudes and inhabitants of the country say a lot about the Nubians. Two words Nehesy (nHsy) and Medjay (mDAy) were used for the inhabitants. The Nehesy lived in the river valley and Medjay were a group of people living in the deserts of the Nubian Nile Valley. This was the map of Nubia.
The exact meaning of the term Nehesy or 'Nubian' is still contradictory. There are speculations still, whether the term Nubian meant born in Egypt or someone whose foreign name was changed was called Nubian. Again there are many who believe that the word 'Nubian' was used for the children who were darker-skinned than normal. This is still a matter of debate with the historians. However the Second Intermediate provides enough evidence that there were inhabitants who settled in the eastern desert of Egypt and this group of people must have been the Nubians.
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Nubia was the ancient Kush kingdom which stretched from the Nile and Aswan to the Khartoum. The Nubians have been depicted in many paintings on the tombs and reliefs. They have been mainly depicted as traders or mercenaries. The Nubians had a distinct tradition of their own and their own style of architecture. They had their own languages. May of the Nubians were believed to have migrated to the Aswan and Kom Ombo when the Lake Nasser swamped and much of their homeland was lost.
There are many sites of archaeological interest in Nubia and the most remarkable of this are the 24 temples. There were many fortresses and tombs as well which were ruined by the waters of the High Dam.
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These also included the regions of Dendour, Amada, Ellessiya, and Wadi al- Sebowa. The Nubian Museum which has been constructed beside Aswan houses many artifacts. There were an unusually greater number of ruling queens amongst the Nubians and it saw a peak in golden age when the Meroitic Kingdom ruled.
The first age of the Nubian kingdom was from 3100 to 1000 B.C. There were three cultures in the Bronze Age. The last of three cultures Kerma has its existence in the Upper part of Nile. Egyptians named this area "Kush." Nubia colonized in the 1550 B.C. to 1100 B.C. and the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt brought Lower and Upper Nubia under control. Southern Nubia was independent. The Egyptians lost control in the 20th dynasty and in 900 B.C Nubian monarchy emerged.
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