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Second Intermediate period |
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The second intermediate period started with the end of the middle kingdom, and the start of the new kingdom. It is the time when Hyksos, one of the powerful rulers took over the powers of Egypt. He ruled till the fifteenth and sixteenth dynasties.
The pharaohs in Egypt of twelfth dynasty saw their decline around the year 1800 BC. After they lost their power the throne was succeeded by one of its weaker ruler of the thirteenth dynasty. He ruled from Itjtawy which was near to Memphis and el-Lisht. This place was towards the southern tip of the delta formed by river Nile. The thirteenth dynasty failed to control the land of Egypt, and the ruling dynasty in Xois which was located towards the western delta, parted off from the central reign to form a new fourteenth dynasty.
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The period of fourteenth dynasty was called the second intermediate period. For the first time the power of the Egyptian kingdom was controlled by the foreign rulers who occupied the throne for more than hundred years. The rulers of this period were from various backgrounds as majority of the population in Egypt consisted of foreigners.
Speaking about Egypt, the kingdom was no longer under the control of sole ruler. By this time several new independent kingdoms emerged and were under the control of various foreign kings. According to the records of the history many rebels grew up in the land of Egypt as they could tolerate the rule of a foreign ruler in their land. They called these foreign kings Heka-Khaswt, or "the rulers of the foreign lands."Later the Greeks called them Hyksos.
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During the second intermediate period the Egyptians were ruled under foreign the rulers who were the Hyksos. They were the rulers during the fifteenth and sixteenth dynasties. These rulers did not force the local people to adopt the foreign system of government but they changed their administrative systems according to the existing administrative systems of the Egyptians. Sources of history shows that they kept their important records in the Egyptian script. They even adopted the royal titles of the Egyptians and were much influenced by the art and architecture patterns of the Egyptians.
The second intermediate period saw the downfall of the thirteenth and fourteenth dynasties. During this time increase the number of the Asian population started to settle down and their descendants started spreading in the whole land of Egypt. The Asian tribes soon blended well with local tribes and also introduced their new skills, like ironwork and mastery of horses and other metallurgical works.
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