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The Rashidun Caliphs Era |
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The history of Egypt is very rich, and the mark of various cultures have graced it. The history of Egypt can be divided into various phases, namely, Prehistoric Egypt, Pharaonic Egypt, Graeco- Roman Egypt, Byzantine Egypt, Islamic Egypt, Ottoman Egypt and Modern Egypt. The period of Islamic domination in Egypt is one of the most remarkable phase in its history. Islamic Egypt is further divided into various eras, namely, The Rashidun Caliphs Era, Umayyad Caliphate, Abbasid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphs Era, Ayyubid Sultanate, and Mamluk sultanate. The Rashidun Caliphs Era is one of the most noted eras in the history of Islam. The Era of Rashidun Caliphs was the first era of Islamic World..
A caliphate, according to most Muslims, is the perfect form of Islamic government. It represents the political oneness as well as leadership of the Islamic world. The leadership of the community is determined by the notion of succession, to the political authority of Muhammad. The caliphate is an integral part of Sunni Islam's political ideal and concept. The Rashidun Caliphs Era ranged from 632 AD to 661 AD. These thirty years of rule by the Rashidun Caliphs laid the foundation for the spread of Islam in Egypt.
Translated in English, The Rashidun Caliphs means The Righteous Caliphs. It usually refers to the first four Islam Caliphs who laid the foundation stone of the Rashidun Caliphate. These four caliphs are Abu Bakr (632- 634 AD), Umar ibn al-Khattab (634-644 AD), Uthman ibn Affan (644-656 AD) and Ali ibn Abi Talib (656-661 AD).
Abu Bakr was proclaimed as the successor of Muhammad, by a congregation of respected Ansar and Muhajirun in Medina. The Ridda wars took place during his time, as he came into conflict with several Arab tribes who refused to pay up zakat. It has been said that Abu Bakr has played a significant role in preserving the Qur'an in its written form. Before his death in 634 AD, he named Umar ibn al-Khattab his successor.
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Under Umar ibn al-Khattab, the Islamic empire flourished as it spread across Mesopotamia, Palestine, Egypt, Syria, Armenia and North Africa. He was assassinated by Abu-Lu'lu'ah in the mosque of Masjid al Nabawi in Medina. Both Uthman ibn Affan and Ali ibn Abi Talib, continued the influence of The Rashidun Caliphs Era through the expansion of Islam in the Middle East. Various construction works were completed, along with making canals to facilitate irrigation.
Undoubtedly, The Rashidun Caliphs Era has played an important role in the spread of Islam in the Middle East.
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