|
|
| Egypt Flights Home » The Ayyubid Era |
|
The Ayyubid Era |
|
The Ayyubid Era refers to the Muslim dynasty that ruled Egypt from the year 1174 to the year 1250. The Ayyubid Era was founded by the Kurdish Muslims who are known in the history as Ayyubids. The Ayyubids ruled the vast areas of Egypt, Yemen, Syria, Mecca, Diyar Bakr, Iraq and Hejaz. The Ayyubids became powerful during the twelfth and thirteenth century. This Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin is also known as Ayoubites, Ayyoubites, Ayyoibides and Ayoubides.
The Ayyubid Era began when Ayyubid sultan Saladin or Salah-al -Din along with his uncle shirkuh acquired Egypt for Nur Ad Din the Zengid king of Damascus in the year `1169. The name of the dynasty came from the name of Saladin's father and Shirkuh's Brother Najm ad Din Ayyub.
Two years after conquering Egypt Saladin deposed the then Fatimid Caliph and acquired full control over the land of Egypt. But when the Zengid King Nur Ad -Din died Saladin declared war against his young son and acquired Damascus too. As-Salih Ismail the young son of Nur AdDin fled to Aleppo and continued to resist Saladin. But in the year 1181 he was assassinated.
After this Saladin began to expand his dynasty and conquered Syria, Northern Iraq, Hejaz and Yemen. He also defeated the Crusade state at the Battle of Hattin. He also conquered Jerusalem in the year 1187. It was considered as his greatest achievement. Later he faced a major counter attack by the crusaders from three greatest ruler of that time. The ruler trios were Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, Phillip Augustus of France and Richard the Lionheart of England. Though Frederick died on the road the rest fought bravely and defeated Saladin at the battle of Arsuf. But they were unable to recover the interior of Jerusalem. So in the year 1192 Richard the Lionheart, the commander of the third Crusade signed a treaty with Saladin. The very next year Saladin died in the year 1993.
Though Saladin was a great ruler and a warrior he failed to set up a centralized empire. As a result upon his death is relatives divided the dynasty among them and began to rule. His first son took Damascus, His second son took Egypt and His third son took Aleppo.
|
But soon the sons started quarreling with each other regarding the division of the empire. The brother of Saladin grabbed this opportunity and after killing his nephews and brothers he rose to power.
Meanwhile the Mamluks emerged as an important political power. The Mamluk Slave general Aibek killed Turnham- the last Ayyubid emperor of Egypt. Aibek later founded the Bahri dynasty. Thus The Ayyubid Era ended in Egypt. In Aleppo the The Ayyubid Era continued for quite some times but ultimately it came to an end in the year 1260.
Log on to egyptflightshub.com gives information about Egypt.
|
|
|
|
|
