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The Mamluks Era |
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The Mamluks Era refers to the dynasty of the Mamluks who ruled the country for almost three hundred years. Starting from the year 1250 to the year 1517 the Mamluks ruled the country of Egypt. The period is famous in the history of Egypt as The Mamluks Era. Originated from Caucasus area the Mamluks first came to Egypt as the slave soldiers. Later they became the ruler of the country. The era has many important historical accounts.
The Mamluks
The Mamluks refer to the slave soldiers who used to serve the Muslim caliphs and sultans during the middle ages. At the beginning they belonged to other religions and so the Muslim caliphs converted them to Islam. But over a period of time they became a powerful race. They also at one point of time overruled the then rulers of Egypt and became the rulers themselves. The Mamluks originally belong to the Caucasus and the Black sea area. They were recruited as the loyal soldiers for the caliphs and rulers. They were trained as cavalry soldiers.
The Mamluks Era
The root of the Malmluk era or the Mamluk sultanate in Egypt lies in the Ayyubid Dynasty in Egypt. Sultan Saladin founded this dynasty in the year 1174. After then death of Saladin his sons started thinking about division of the empire among themselves. Taking the chance Saladin’s brother Al Ail secured full control over the dynasty by the year 1200. He did so by killing and imprisoning other heirs to the throne. After rising to the throne Al Adil recruited the defeated Mamluks into his soldiers. Later the Mamluks became an integral part of the Dynasty and began to take active part in the politics and the Kinddom.
When in the year 1249 the French under the rule of king Louis IX came to Egypt and conquered Damietta during the seventh Crusade, the Egyptians retreated. Later, after the death of Egyptian Sultan As-SalihAyyub, his son and later his favorite wife Shajar Al Durr fought with the French with the help of the Mamluks. The French King was captured and the French were defeated. Later due to a continuous pressure for a male leader made Shajar Al Durr marry a Mamluk commander named Aybak.
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After the assassination of Aybak the vice regent Qutuz took over the responsibilities of Egypt. Thus he was the true founder of the Mamluk sultanate and the Bahri dynasty. Later in the year 1382 the Burji dynasty rose to power. The The Mamluks Era continued till the year 1517 when the Ottoman Empire took the powers from them.
The Mamluks Era was an important part of the history of Egypt. The Mamluks had the longest reign in Egypt. However, they also reigned in India and in Iraq too.
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