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Umayyad Empire Era |
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Introduction
Umayyad Empire Era succeeded the The Rashidun Caliphs Era in 661 AD. The period of Islamic dominance in Egypt is one of the most significant phase in Egypt's history. Islamic Egypt is divided into several eras, primarily, The Rashidun Caliphs Era, Umayyad Caliphate, Abbasid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphs Era, Ayyubid Sultanate, and Mamluk Sultanate. After the death of the last Caliph of The Rashidun Era, Ali ibn Abi Talib in 661 AD, the then governor of Syria, Mu'awiya, grabbed power and immediately established the Umayyad Empire Era. Umayyad Empire Era has very much contributed to the spread of Islam in Egypt as well as in various parts of the Middle East and Africa. The Umayyad Empire Era began in 661 AD and it ended in the year 750 AD. This era almost covered a century in power.
About Umayyad Empire Era
During the rule of the first ruler of Umayyad Empire Era, the focus of Islamic power was shifted from the Arabian Peninsula to the country of Syria. In the later part of the era, after the death of Mu'awiya, his successors transformed Damascus into the empire's capital. The empire of Umayyad extended from the famous Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River in the east. Some of the noted rulers of Umayyad Empire Era include caliph Mu'awiya, Yazid, Mu'awiya II, Marwan ibn al-Hakam, Abd al-Malik, al-Walid I, Suleiman, Umar ibn Abd al- Aziz, Yazid II, Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, al-Walid II, Yazid III, Ibrahim and Marwan II.
There were frequent conflicts among various sects, namely, the Shias and the Kharjites. Mu'awiya, the first ruler of Umayyad Empire Era was a very capable ruler, unlike his son Yazid. Under al-Walid I, the Umayyad Empire Era flourished the most, and the spread of Islam was quite remarkable. The rulers of this era were more in favor of traditional Arab Muslims, than the mawalis, They were bended more in favor of the aristocracy than the common mass. Under the Umayyads, the caliphate, a religious institution changed into a dynastic institution. Arabic was the premier language of the administration.
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The formative stage of Islamic art refers to this era, as artists kept on delivering the finest of creations. Architecture too was given importance. Two of the several major buildings, constructed in this era are the Umayyad Mosque at Damascus and the Dome of the Rock at Jerusalem.
Many historians have considered Umayyad Empire Era to have a more negative impact than positive, on the spread of Islam and the welfare of the mass.
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